S Mohan

An expert system for flood management is developed for the flood control operation of a reservoir. The procedure uses both expert system tools and traditional computer programming techniques considering the complexity of the reservoir operation problem. The present work has been carried out in four phases, namely, flood estimation, flood simulation, reservoir operation, and expert system development. In the flood simulation phase, rainfall-runoff computation model, and model for computing water surface profiles have been utilized. The use of the developed system is demonstrated with a case study of the Adyar river in the Madras metropolitan city to evolve the safe releases that can be followed during flood considering the reservoir inflows and the overland flow from the urban drainage area. The developed expert system could be a valuable tool in reservoir operation decision-making and thereby help in minimizing the flood damages in the Adyar river flood plains.

Models are proposed to extend the monthly streamflow data at a site where the available historic rainfall and streamflow data are too short for adequate systems study, subject to the condition that there are no gauging sites in the basin or adjacent basins with a longer period of streamflow data. Hence rainfall data of a nearby raingauge station are used. Five regression models, namely, runoff coefficient model, single linear regression, monthly linear regression, monthly linear regression with stochastic description for residuals, and a double regressed model are used. The results show that the monthly linear regression model with stochastic description for the residuals is best suited for the purpose when applied to a case study. © 1995 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Water supply management is one area in which subjective decision making becomes necessary. Knowledge based decision support system is proposed for use in operation and management of an existing water supply system in South India. The task considered includes forecasting the future demand for water supply using time series, analysing the water supply network to identify the problem areas using WADISO program and an optimization Model to evolve management strategies.

This paper outlines the development of a Knowledge Based Decision Support System for Water Supply Management (WSMDSS) to emulate and enhance the ability of water planning experts in the decision making process. The case of a medium-size city water supply distribution network in South India is presented as a demonstration of the approach.

Demand for water is increasing continually, whereas available supplies are more or less constant. Under these circumstances there is an urgent need to introduce efficient techniques in water resources management for optimal utilization of available water. Water management under drought conditions assumes great importance in a tropical region such as India, where one-third of the cropped area is affected by frequent droughts. This paper deals with the development and application of an expert system for drought management. A linear programming model was used to generate optimal cropping patterns from past drought experiences as also from synthetic drought occurrences. These policies together with the knowledge of the experts were incorporated in an expert system. Using this, one can identify the degree of drought in the current situation and its similarity to the identified drought events and be able to get the corresponding management strategy. © ASCE.