Advances in Digital Manufacturing Systems: Technologies, Business Models, and Adoption
This book contains contemporary discussions on technology, business models, and the adoption of digital manufacturing systems. The book’s initial chapters cover technological details underpinning the digital manufacturing systems, for example, cyber-physical systems and digital twins. Next, the book discusses how organizations modify their business models using concepts such as servitization and platforms to leverage digital manufacturing. The latter chapters focus on how a country’s unique economic and infrastructural context influences digital manufacturing adoption in terms of technology and business models and frameworks to evaluate readiness for digital manufacturing. With perspectives from different continents, the book appeals to academic researchers and industry alike.
Assessing organizational health-analytics readiness: artifacts based on elaborated action design method
Purpose: While the adoption of health-analytics (HA) is expanding, not every healthcare organization understands the factors impacting its readiness for HA. An assessment of HA-readiness helps guide organizational strategy and the realization of business value. Past research on HA has not included a comprehensive set of readiness-factors and assessment methods. This study’s objective is to design artifacts to assess the HA-readiness of hospitals. Design/methodology/approach: The information-systems (IS) theory and methodology entail the iterative Elaborated Action Design Research (EADR)method, combined with cross-sectional field studies involving 14 healthcare organizations and 27 participants. The researchers determine factors and leverage multi-criteria decision-making techniques to assess HA-readiness. Findings: The artifacts emerging from this research include: (1) a map of readiness factors, (2) multi-criteria decision-making techniques that assess the readiness levels on the factors, the varying levels of factor-importance and the inter-factor relationships and (3) an instantiated system. The in-situ evaluation shows how these artifacts can provide insights and strategic direction to an organization through collective knowledge from stakeholders. Originality/value: This study finds new factors influencing HA-readiness, validates the well-known and details their industry-specific nuances. The methods used in this research yield a well-rounded HA readiness-assessment (HARA) approach and offer practical insights to hospitals.
Time-preference-based on-spot bundled cloud-service provisioning
The cloud computing spot instance is one offering that vendors are leveraging to provide differentiated service to an expanding pay-per-use computing market. Spot instances have cost advantages, albeit at a trade-off of interruptions that can occur when the user's bid price falls below the spot price. The interruptions are often exacerbated since customers often require resources in bundles. For these reasons, customers might have to wait for a long time before their jobs are completed. In this paper, we propose a behavioral-economic model in the form of time-preference-based bids, wherein users are willing to use and bid for services at other times if the vendor cannot provide the resources at the preferred time. Given such bids, we consider the problem of provisioning for such service requests. We develop a time-preference-based optimization model. Since the optimization model is NP-Hard, we develop rule-based genetic algorithms. We have obtained very encouraging results with respect to standard commercial solver as a benchmark. In turn, our results provide evidence for the viability of our approach for online service-provisioning problems.
Electronic Negotiation and Behavioral Elements
Systems based on information and communication technologies have facilitated the support or automation (partial/complete) of many a task and process, including negotiation. Electronic negotiation systems (ENSs), whose genesis and evolution can be traced to software systems of the 1970s, have grown significantly since the advent of the Internet, in terms of both scope and numbers. Yet, given the complexity of negotiation, there is a need for incorporating behavioral elements into ENSs. This chapter, which concerns a two-party negotiation setting, outlines the behavioral negotiation literature and describes the evolution of ENSs, thus contextualizing the problem of incorporating behavior into negotiation systems. A framework is proposed in this chapter, and it entails a characterization of user preferences, and in turn, the resulting negotiation strategy. Relevant exemplars from the literature are used to illustrate how the tradeoff between the fidelity and tractability of such characterizations can determine the level of automation afforded by an ENS. Research opportunities arising from endowing ENSs with behavioral features are identified.
Essential medicine shortages, procurement process and supplier response: A normative study across Indian states
Efficient public-procurement systems are critical for ensuring Access to Medicines (ATM) and enabling universal healthcare delivery. This is especially true of India where public healthcare caters to the underprivileged population who have limited access to medicines. However, essential medicine shortage in the Indian public-healthcare system is significant and is exacerbated by inefficiencies in the procurement system. Healthcare policy makers have to constantly contend with delays and non-fulfillment of medicine orders leading to shortages. Pharmaceutical companies supplying orders argue that the current system is not business-viable or fair. To explore these issues in-depth, we distill insights from structured interviews with a Policy Maker and interactions with the pharmaceutical industry to identify supply side issues which lead to medicine shortages. We build a normative model and utilize public medicine procurement data to study how pharmaceutical supplier response and order fulfillment is impacted by orders from multiple Indian states with different procurement conditions. We then employ standard supply chain theory to propose solutions to mitigate some of these issues. We find that the current system can be significantly improved by increased capacity allocation at suppliers for state orders, staggered ordering at the state level, stricter but gradual implementation of penalties and blacklisting and sourcing from suppliers located closer to the state.
Health-Analytics Readiness Assessment: Elaborated Action Design Research and Nascent Theoretical Implications
Health analytics (HA) technology enables and enhances fact-based decision-making capabilities of hospitals in the clinical, operational, and administrative domains. It is, however, the case that HA success presupposes a hospital's readiness to adopt, absorb, and put the technology to effective use. Currently, there is a paucity of research that focuses on how hospital executives can assess their organization's readiness for HA. The principal objective of our study is to fill this gap. We design HA readiness-assessment artifacts guided by cross-sectional case studies to inform the design and the elaborated action design research approach that extends past artifacts through iterative collaboration with practitioners and industry experts. This article details the design process and artifacts and highlights implications for nascent theory and generalizable knowledge.
How Angry are You? Anger Intensity, Demand and Subjective Value in Multi-round Distributive Electronic Negotiation
The role of emotion, particularly anger, has been explored as a valence in management and negotiation literatures. Studies on the impact of the strength of such emotions, however, are just beginning to emerge, even though this has been identified in recent literature as an important topic for investigation. In this article, we fill this gap by investigating the behavior of angry negotiators under varying levels of anger. We conduct a multi-round distributive electronic negotiation, with both quantitative outcome and subjective value. We discuss the implications of our findings for electronic negotiation. Our work contributes to negotiation literature by extending our understanding of the impact of a less explored aspect of anger on electronic negotiations.
Exploring an Extension to the Foresight Measure: A Mixed-Mode Study of Individual Managerial Employees
Foresight is the ability to visualize alternate futures and shape the direction of future events. Generally considered as an organizational capability, foresight can be the basis of sustained competitive advantage, and needs to be fostered by enabling employees to acquire, assimilate, and analyze information with a future orientation. However, research on what constitutes foresight at the employee (i.e., individual) level is sparse. This paper fills this gap by using a five-stage mixed-mode process to propose an extended foresight measure. This paper has implications for research on the individual aspect of microfoundations of capability building, organizational measures development, and foresight literature.
Exploring health-analytics adoption in indian private healthcare organizations: An institutional-theoretic perspective
In India, private hospitals are at the cusp of adopting health-analytics (HA) technology to manage their organizational performance through data-driven decision-making. Past studies have analyzed the applications and benefits of HA. Our study builds on this descriptive base to investigate the patterns of HA adoption and the institutional factors which impact adoption. We conducted a cross-sectional field study that involved ten Indian private healthcare organizations and four health-ecosystem partners and analyzed the case study data using an institutional theory lens. Our cases reveal that the breadth and depth of HA adoption varies and falls into three distinct patterns: far-sighted, conservative, and niche. We assess how these patterns are influenced by the two key dimensions of institutional environments (material-resource environment and institutional environment). We highlight distinctive factors (management support for building organizational trust on data-driven decisions and IT-Medical practitioner collaboration) that exert important contextual influences on HA adoption. Our study identifies areas of commonalty for HA adoption across national healthcare settings as well as contextual aspects representative of the burgeoning Indian healthcare field.
Introduction
Ever since the industrial revolution, manufacturing has been one of the key drivers of economic growth.