Sriram Venkatachalam

The following sections are included: Introduction Tsunami Warning Detection of Tsunamis with Sea-Level Sensors Indian Tsunami Early Warning System (ITEWS) Experimental Studies Summary References.

The following sections are included: Introduction Outline of Damage Caused by Debris Different Types of Debris Boulders as Debris Research on Motion and Impact of Debris Guidelines for Debris Impact Loading Debris Modelling Physical Model Tests Summary References.

The following sections are included: Introduction Equations of Motion Case Studies and Solutions Summary References.

Tsunami impact on infrastructure along the coast causes severe destruction, loss of human lives and negative influence on the economy. When tsunami propagates towards the coastline, the flow often resembles a bore which propagates with a high velocity and takes everything on its way, including heavy objects. When reaching the structure, this water-driven debris induces a kind of impact force and magnifies the load on structures along the coast. The present study is aimed to measure the load of tsunami-borne debris on a building constructed near the shoreline. In many situations, tsunami or any flood nearshore resembles a surge caused by a dam-break event; therefore, to model this process, we conducted our experiments by setting up a dam-break arrangement in a wave flume of 72.5 m length, 2 m wide and 2.5 m deep at the Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras, India. A Froude scale of 1:20 was adopted for modelling the coastal structure and the debris placed over a beach slope of 1:30. The hydraulic bore was generated by a sudden opening of the gate of the tank. We considered three water depths of 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 m. The debris was modelled as a box-shaped structure weighing 4.2, 5.6 and 6.0 kg. A video camera was used to capture the surging of the hydraulic bore and to study the character of debris motion during impact. The impact forces acting on the structure due to debris were measured with a load cell. The acquired data were further analysed and discussed.

The following sections are included: Introduction Causes of a Tsunami Tsunami Earthquakes Tsunami due to Volcano Appearance of a Tsunami Wave Tsunami Characteristics Tsunami Transformation Occurrence of Recent Devastating Tsunamis Tsunami Warning System. Summary References.

The following sections are included: Background Solution to Coastal Erosion Response of Shoreline to Tsunami Summary References.

Offshore water depths varying from 30 to 50 m have a tremendous potential to harvest wind energy ≥6 MW. The roughness of the sea makes it very difficult for the installation of substructures from small tripod or jacket structures to floating substructures. More generic, we have to wait for calm sea period in the offshore for the installation of any such structures. It has created a need for research in investigating installation of structures in all-weather condition. Hence in order to increase the potential of installation of offshore structure, understanding the structural behavior during installation is vital. For understanding aforementioned structural behavior in installation, jacket structure which is very common fixed substructure is chosen and studied for all type of waves. In order to study such substructure, heaviest jacket for the given aspect ratio (HyConCast) is chosen. The concept of HyConCast jacket has advantages of combined ductile iron casting knots and precast concrete pipes which is the reason for the heavy mass of the structure. Because of its high mass compared to other offshore structures, its dynamic and excitation responses in regular waves during installation are unknown. In this chapter, the results from experimental study on response of the jacket model for different upending stages under regular waves are discussed.

The following sections are included: General Field Data Collection Tidal Measurements Summary References.