Catalysis by HBr in the bromination of o†xylene in acetic acid

Hydrogen bromide is known to inhibit the bromination of aromatic substrates (ArH), either by fixing up bromine as HBr3 or ArH as ArH · HBr. However, there is catalysis by HBr in the bromination of mesitylene in acetic acid. The bromination of o‐xylene in acetic acid in the dark is found to be autocatalytic, and the reaction is overall third order, first order in o‐xylene with the orders in Br2 and HBr depending on the concentrations. A composite rate expression involving Br2 and HBr as electrophiles has been proposed and verified using iodine bromide as a catalyst where the orders are one in each of the reactants, irrespective of the concentrations used. Copyright © 1976 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.