A specific analytical study of friction stir welded Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 alloy: Stir zone microstructure and mechanical properties

The light metal titanium alloys find extensive usage is in industries where weight is a significant factor. Research in friction stir welding (FSW) aimed at producing strong joints without adding extra weight since machines like aircraft and automobiles must have as little weight as possible to improve their fly-to-buy ratio. This study reports 10 mm thick titanium alloy plates that are FSWed by varying rotational speed and tool traverse speed using the W-La2O3 tool. Due to the heat produced during the welding process, each material region experiences a different thermal cycle, which significantly affects microstructural changes. The peak temperature during FSW exceeded the β-transition temperature, causing phase transformations in the stir zone (SZ). A lamellar structure was observed in the SZ, and a transition line region (TLR), Bimodal, or duplex microstructure obtained consists of (α + β) phase. The SZ grain size decreases along the thickness direction, tensile strength increases, and reaches 89–102% of the base material. A lower hardness value is found in the SZ than in the base material (BM). The tensile fracture surface is observed to have a honeycomb-like structure or dimples, representing ductile fracture.