Electrocatalysts for ammonia synthesis: How close are we to the Haber-Bosch process?

Industrially ammonia (NH3) is produced from the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch (HB) process. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is often hailed as a possible alternative to the HB process, as it has lower energy requirements and can reduce N2 to NH3 at ambient conditions. In this review, 50 catalysts for eNRR synthesised within the last three years are judged based on the energy economics and yield rate, to determine if they could be a suitable alternative to the HB process.