Optimal sizing of a fuel processor for auxiliary power applications of a fuel cell-powered passenger car

The present study considers the optimal sizing of a three-way hybrid powertrain consisting of a compact reformer, a compact battery and a low temperature PEM fuel cell stack serving as the main power unit. A simulation model consisting of the relevant characteristic parameters of the three power sources has been developed and has been used to study the fuel utilization features of the hybrid powertrain while going through the NEDC driving cycle with a given auxiliary power requirement. The optimality is based on minimizing fuel cost while having an assured range of 500 km under practical driving conditions and a further 100 km under reduced auxiliary power usage. It is shown that for performance characteristics of Toyota Mirai and for average auxiliary power consumption of 5 kW, a smaller NiMH battery size of 1.3 kWh together with a fuel processor of 5.6 kW constant output would be optimal with a further requirement of 25% more hydrogen and 33 kg of ethanol to be carried on-board. Substantial reductions in vehicle mass and fuel load can be achieved for more modest performance characteristics and auxiliary power consumption.