Waterline Elevations on Vertical Seawall Fronted By an Offshore Rubble Mound Breakwater

This study presents a systematic experimental investigation on the characteristics of wave run-up on a vertical seawall fronted by an offshore rubble mound breakwater. The design formulae for run-up on the seawall for different relative crest heights are presented. The relative run-up on the wall is found to be independent of wave steepness. This study proposes empirical formulae for representative run-up ratios such as R-u2%/R-u1/3, R-umax/R-u1/3 and R-umax/R-u2% based on typical random sea state. For submerged breakwaters, the run-up ratio R-u2%/R-u1/3 is found to be higher than the emerged breakwaters.