Interactions of fluids during hydraulic and acid fracturing operations

Hydrocarbon derived from tight shale and other low-permeable reservoirs is an important and rapidly expanding front in energy development. Untapped hydrocarbon reserves can be exploited by fracturing these rocks using pressure-fracturing fluid. Different forms of fracturing fluids have been created, employed, and tested in fields for their efficiency and applicability. Aqueous polymer-based fracturing fluids and acid fracturing fluids are the most prominent class of field-employed fracturing fluids. Hydraulic fracturing procedures leave chemically complex fluids in the shale formation for at least 2 weeks. This gives the hydraulic fracturing fluid (HFF) plenty of chances to react with the formation at reservoir temperature and pressure. The interaction of fracturing fluid with the reservoir rocks and formation fluids has been discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, reaction kinetics, formation damage, and classes and mechanics of fracturing techniques have been elaborated.