Noncoding RNAs Regulation of Redox Balance in Cancer

The noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) role in carcinogenesis received widespread attention in the last decade due to their vast regulatory roles and functional diversity. Dysregulation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and ncRNAs expression is demonstrated in cancer development, metastasis, and response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Research in the last decade explored the crosstalk between ROS signaling and ncRNAs in cancer. The reciprocal interaction between ROS and microRNAs (miRNA) contributed to tumorigenesis and antitumorigenesis. The levels of ROS regulate miRNAs expression, in turn, miRNAs govern the redox state in cancer. miRNAs can exhibit either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive effects through the regulation of redox homeostasis. Investigation on the dynamic regulation of redox balance by ncRNAs is warranted in the establishment of effective management of different types of cancers. This chapter highlights the current knowledge of the regulation of redox homeostasis by ncRNAs in cancer. The intricate network of dynamic interaction between ncRNAs and redox regulation is unraveling numerous opportunities in cancer. The versatility of ncRNAs and ROS makes them not only excellent orchestrators in signaling pathways but also core components in cancer. The knowledge of these mechanisms might be valuable for the development of targeted therapies against different cancer types.