Analysis of longitudinal distortion in welding - Part 1 A critical review of existing theories

A critical review and evaluation of the theories so far published for prediction of longitudinal distortion has been carried out. The evaluation includes comparison of the predicted values by these theories with those experimentally generated in bars and T sections welded under different conditions. The evaluation reveals that none of these theories predicts distortion satisfactorily for all the considered applications, even though there is reasonably good agreement in certain specific cases. However, the rigorous analytical model proposed by Okerblom seems to suit the analysis of longitudinal distortion in weldments having more than one multipass weld though the deviation between the predicted results with this model and the experimental results are higher by more than 60%.