Hardness-stress-strain correlation in titanium open die extrusion: an alternative to visioplasticity

A heterogeneous process such as open die extrusion has been done on CP titanium and the extent of heterogeneity has been determined. The pressure for carrying out the process has been calculated theoretically, measured experimentally and calculated indirectly from hardness measurement in the deformation zone. Hardness-stress-train correlation is very useful here. A nomogram has been given so that knowing, α, μ, ε and hardness, the punch pressure can be read off. It is a steady-reckoner that is very relevant for the shop floor in industry or the laboratory.