Advanced Treatment Technologies in Removal of Pollutants from Water and Wastewater

The water and wastewater treatment and its management is a significant element in a circular economic purview since a number of industries depend on water and also on the recovered resources out of wastewater. Because limited access to water or these resources can limit production capacities and profits for the industries. Also, the discharge of large quantities of effluents, containing hazardous pollutants from agricultural, municipal, and industrial sources is leading to the contamination of the water supplies to a great extent. This paper communicates insights on the recent advanced water and wastewater treatment technologies through a comprehensive review. Also, it highlights the benefits and challenges faced by these removal mechanisms providing scope for future research. Through this work, adsorption can be identified as a simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for water and wastewater treatment compared to other technologies discussed. Nevertheless, there is a dire need for future research and development focusing on evaluating hybrid treatment systems, large-scale practicality, and techno-economic assessment of the systems to understand the feasibility of these technologies for a broad range of applications.