Effect of aerospike on unsteady transonic flow over a blunt body

Blunt-nosed launch vehicles featuring large nose-cone angles experience high levels of pressure fluctuations over the payload region at transonic Mach numbers due to shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions. The main cause for this phenomenon appears to be flow instability associated with separated flow and formation of a vortex pair. Interactions between the induced velocity of the vortex pair and oncoming mean flow cause oscillations of the λ-shock system and high levels of fluctuating pressures. An aerospike causes flow separation at the nose and reattachment of the shear layer downstream, energizing the boundary layer. Consequently, flow separation and vortex formation are prevented: shock oscillations are stabilized. Dramatic reductions in the pressure fluctuations, around 95–35% in the low-frequency range, are observed along the payload region at small angles of attack. The observations are based on wind-tunnel tests involving unsteady pressure measurements, surface-flow patterns, and high-speed shadowgraph recordings on a blunt nose cone with various cone angles.