A Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Model for Assessing Rupture Risk in Cerebral Arteries with Varying Aneurysm Sizes

A cerebral aneurysm is a medical condition where a cerebral artery can burst under adverse pressure conditions. A 20% mortality rate and additional 30 to 40% morbidity rate have been reported for patients suffering from the rupture of aneurysms. In addition to wall shear stress, input jets, induced pressure, and complicated and unstable flow patterns are other important parameters associated with a clinical history of aneurysm ruptures. In this study, the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was modeled using image segmentation and then rebuilt with aneurysms at locations vulnerable to aneurysm growth. To simulate various aneurysm growth stages, five aneurysm sizes and two wall thicknesses were taken into consideration. In order to simulate realistic pressure loading conditions for the anterior cerebral arteries, inlet velocity and outlet pressure were used. The pressure, wall shear stress, and flow velocity distributions were then evaluated in order to predict the risk of rupture. A low-wall shear stress-based rupture scenario was created using a smaller aneurysm and thinner walls, which enhanced pressure, shear stress, and flow velocity. Additionally, aneurysms with a 4 mm diameter and a thin wall had increased rupture risks, particularly at specific boundary conditions. It is believed that the findings of this study will help physicians predict rupture risk according to aneurysm diameters and make early treatment decisions.