Alkylation, Annulation, and Alkenylation of Organic Molecules with Maleimides by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation

Maleimide and succinimide core moieties are present in various natural products and pharmaceuticals. In addition, these derivatives can be readily modified into biologically important organic molecules including pyrrolidines and γ-lactams. A transition-metal-catalyzed chelation-assisted functionalization of inert C−H bond of organic molecules with electrophiles or nucleophiles is one of the efficient methods to construct chemical bonds in a highly atom- and step-economical manner. The present review describes the recent advances in the reaction involving maleimides with organic molecules by a chelation-assisted inert C−H bond activation methodology. The reaction involving maleimides with organic molecules having directing groups, such as ketone, acyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, oxime, amide, imidate, chromone, azo, N-sulfonyl ketimine, carboxylic acids, and aldimines, were described. The scope, limitation and mechanistic investigation of the alkylation, annulation and alkenylation reactions were discussed elaborately. This review article includes the entire report on the chemical bond-forming reaction of maleimides with organic molecules by the C−H bond activation strategy until the end of 2018.