Options
The remarkable enhancement in the solubility of Bi in the ZnO phase, Zn<inf>1-x</inf>Bi<inf>x</inf>O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1), by high energy ball milling technique
Date Issued
01-10-2021
Author(s)
Selvamani, S.
Balamurugan, S.
Ashika, S. A.
Fathima, T. K.Sana
Abstract
The Zn1-xBixO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) combustion products were synthesized by solution combustion method using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as oxidizers and glycine as a fuel. To enhance the solubility of Bi in the ZnO hexagonal structure, the different portions of the combustion products were subsequently annealed (600 °C/5 h) and ball-milled under 350 rpm for 10 h. The various multifunctional Zn1-xBixO materials were analyzed by different characterization techniques (XRD, TG–DTA, FT-IR, NIR, Raman, and FESEM-EDX) to explore the physico-chemical properties. In a wide range of composition (x), only the x = 0 and 0.02 revealed a single hexagonal phase with a Zn1-xBixO structure for the combustion products and annealed samples. Remarkably, the multifunctional nanocrystalline Zn1-xBixO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) materials were successfully obtained in phase pure form upon subsequent ball-milling of the combustion products, while the annealing treatment failed to enhance the solubility of Bi for x = 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1. As the combustion products and annealed materials show higher NIR reflectance in the NIR region for x = 0, 0.02, maybe used as solar protecting color pigment materials. Though the ball milling of combustion products enhanced the solubility of Bi in the ZnO structure, it heavily affected the NIR reflectance of Zn1-xBixO. Agglomeration of fine particles is observed in the FESEM micro-images of Zn1-xBixO; x = 0.1 (ball-milled) materials. From the present research findings, we conclude that high-energy ball milling has a substantial impact on the phase formation and the properties of the ball-milled Zn1-xBixO samples.
Volume
4