Tailoring of magnetic orderings in Fe substituted GdMnO<inf>3</inf> bulk samples towards room temperature

The evolution of various magnetic ordering has been studied for the orthorhombic perovskite GdMn1-xFexO3 (0 x 0.7) system to obtain its comprehensive magnetic phase diagram. We observed that the substitution of Fe in GdMnO3 increases the antiferromagnetic Neel temperature (T N) from 40 K to above 400 K and importantly induces a spin-reorientation transition (T SR) for x 0.4. These transitions are close to room temperature at x = 0.5 and then gradually separated at a higher x value. The static orbital ordering induced by the Jahn-Teller distortion seems to play an important role in changing the T N. The variations of spin-reorientation ordering along with the competition between the magnetic orderings as a function of the composition were discussed with respect to antisymmetric exchange interactions and Mn3+ single-ion anisotropy in detail. In addition, the correlation between structural and magnetic properties suggests that the subtle structural change at composition x = 0.4 may affect the magnetic ordering. The observed tunable T SR and T N in GdMn1-xFexO3 could add a practical value for these compositions in fields like spintronics and sensors.