Lubricant behaviour during upsetting at different temperatures

Ductile properties of metals are a function of temperature: to utilise the maximum ductility of an alloy and so reduce the number of stages required for forming, use of the optimum lubricant for the given forming temperature and the particular metal is important. To evaluate the behaviour of lubricants under different temperatures a hot upsetting device was designed. Using a 180 t friction screw press, 18/4/1 alloy steel and high C - high Cr steel specimens were upset with an initial strain rate of 10s-1 at various forming temperatures up to 400°C using different lubricants. © 1979.