A General Compensation for a Switched-Capacitor Double-Integrator Biquad

The finite frequency-dependent gain characteristics of operational amplifiers (op amps) is an important limiting factor in the performance of active switched-capacitor filters at high pole-frequencies and high quality-factors. A compensation scheme is given to reduce transfer-function errors in a switched-capacitor biquad, due to the finite gain-bandwidth product of the op amps. Experimental and theoretical results show that the scheme is very useful. Copyright © 1984 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.