Influence of side-flow and built-up edge on the roughness and hardness of the surface machined with a single point tool

The built-up edge and side flow occurring in metal cutting are factors responsible for the roughness and increased hardness of a machined surface. The extent of the built-up edge and the amount of side flow decrease with increasing cutting speed and rake angle. Growth and fracture of a built-up edge leaves a hard deposit on the machined surface. Metal pushed over the finished surface due to the side flow is also very hard. © 1973.